Last semester, I shared that Introduction to Economics for Development Practitioners was the most challenging course of Fall 2024. This semester, the most difficult course has been Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E). Both are highly technical and require specialized knowledge that I had not previously encountered. However, after completing them, I feel confident in my ability to apply these concepts to future opportunities.
The M&E course covered key components such as monitoring, evaluation, results management, theory of change, and M&E capacity building. The coursework included exercises related to the theory of change and results chain, a monitoring and learning plan, an end-of-project assessment, and a consultancy/policy evaluation/research proposal, designed to prepare us for the required master’s paper.
Below are key definitions:
- Monitoring systematically assesses a program’s implementation and effectiveness to ensure objectives are met.
- Evaluation employs both quantitative and qualitative methods to assess expected results, including formative, process, impact, and summative assessments.
- Results management integrates M&E methods across all project stages—assessment, design, implementation, review, and completion—to enhance collaboration, learning, and adaptation for effective outcomes.
- Theory of change outlines the causal pathways to achieving intended results, helping teams align interventions with expected outcomes.
- M&E capacity building improves organizational coordination, defines roles, refines data collection protocols, enhances data utilization, and optimizes information systems for effective implementation.
Since I have never worked in the field overseeing a development project, understanding how monitoring and evaluation is conducted in practice was initially challenging. Our professor shared an insightful perspective—that M&E is a complex subject and, as a result, is not commonly taught in development degrees. Additionally, many professionals working in M&E roles lack formal education on its importance and systematic application.
One of the most challenging aspects for me was understanding the results chain and theory of change, as I encountered these frameworks for the first time. The theory of change illustrates the relationships between activities, outputs, short-term outcomes, medium-term outcomes, and long-term outcomes, ultimately leading to a meaningful impact that addresses a development goal on an international, state, or local level.
Despite these challenges, I thoroughly enjoyed collaborating on assignments with classmates who had field experience. Their insights into real-world applications helped deepen my understanding. Additionally, to master the theory of change, I relied heavily on the TA’s office hours, where they provided invaluable support in clarifying complex concepts. One particularly effective approach was relating the theory of change to my background in accounting, which allowed me to conceptualize the framework in a way that resonated with my prior experience.
One key takeaway from these experiences is that the most difficult and challenging courses have provided me with the greatest learning opportunities. Another important lesson has been learning to enjoy every step of the process and embracing the openness to ask for help when needed. Heller fosters a highly collaborative environment—instead of competition, there is a shared commitment to ensuring that all students succeed, regardless of their backgrounds. Leveraging the expertise of peers is one of the most effective ways to navigate and complete a graduate degree successfully.